# Presentation on the topic of cardiovascular disease # :::warning If you have disturbed sleep, fatigue, disorientation, confusion, or nervousness, it's time to monitor your blood pressure. Either lack of sleep or too much sleeping might mean your blood pressure is high or low. If it’s left untreated, you will soon face an onslaught of multiple illnesses. ::: [](https://cardio-balance-ph.store-best.net) <div style="height:500px;"></div> ## Diseases of the heart note-circulation System ## <div class="alert alert-info" role="alert"> Minsan, dinadagdagan ng doktor ang base na therapy (mga gamot na kailangang inumin araw-araw) ng mga gamot na iniinom kapag may krisis, kapag ang presyon ay sobrang taas at biglang tumaas. At ang dosis ay pinipili rin nang napaka-indibidwal. Kaya imposible na sabihin kung alin ang pinakamahusay na gamot sa presyon, sa bawat kaso ay magkakaroon ng sariling kombinasyon na bagay sa iyo. </div> presentation: cardiovascular disease — causes, risk factors, and prevention Slide 1: Title Cardiovascular diseases: A global health challenge Slide 2: Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the world health organization (WHO), every year approximately 17.9 million deaths, equivalent to approximately 32% of all deaths worldwide. The aim of this presentation: Definition and classification of CVD The main causes and risk factors Diagnostic Procedures Preventive measures and therapeutic approaches Slide 3: Definition and classification Cardiovascular diseases are a group of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessel system. Important Sub-Groups: Coronary heart disease (CHD): narrowing of the coronary arteries by atherosclerosis Heart failure: Decreased contractile capacity of the heart Arrhythmias: heart rhythm disorders High blood pressure (hypertension): Permanently elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) Stroke (apoplexy): circulatory disorder in the brain Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (paod): constriction in the blood vessels of the extremities Slide 4: causes and Pathomechanisms Main mechanism: atherosclerosis — deposition of lipids, calcium, and fibrous tissue in the vessel wall. Process flow: Endothelial damage (e.g., hypertension, Smoking) Lipid entry into the vessel wall The formation of a Plaque (vasoconstriction) Possible plaque rupture → thrombus formation → heart attack or stroke Other Causes: Genetic Disposition Inflammatory Processes Autoimmune reactions Slide 5: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors Modifiable Not modifiable Smoking age (45 J. in men, and from 55 for women) Overweight / obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ), Gender (men are more frequently affected) Lack Of Exercise, Family History Of Unbalanced diet (high, high salt and fat content) Genetic factors Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Elevated cholesterol levels (LDL &gt;3.0 mmol/l) Slide 6: Diagnostics Standard methods for the detection of CVD: ECG (electrocardiogram): recording of the electrical activity of the heart Echocardiography: ultrasound for the assessment of cardiac structure and function Long‑term ECG / long‑term blood pressure measurement: detection of rhythmic and blood pressure-related changes in 24 hours Exercise ECG (game gears‑Test): testing under physical stress Coronary angiography: x-ray examination of the heart arteries with contrast medium Laboratory parameters: lipid spectrum, CRP, Troponin (when infarction is suspected) Slide 7: Approaches To Therapy Drug Therapy: Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers) Statins for lowering cholesterol Anticoagulants (for example, acetylsalicylic acid) Diuretics in heart failure Interventional Procedures: PTCA (balloon dilatation with Stent) Bypass Surgery Lifestyle changes: Smoking abstinence Balanced diet (DASH diet, Mediterranean cost) Regular physical activity (min. 150 Minutes/Week) Weight control Slide 8: prevention — the key to the reduction of CVD Primary prevention is more effective and more cost-effective than the treatment of the advanced disease. Recommended Action: Regular health examinations from 35 years of age (early risk detection) Blood pressure and cholesterol control Promotion of health awareness in schools and in the workplace Policy measures (e.g. salt reduction in processed foods, tobacco control laws) Slide 9: Summary Cardiovascular diseases represent a serious global health threat. Atherosclerosis is the main pathophysiological mechanism. Many risk factors are modifiable. Early detection and prevention can reduce deaths significantly. A holistic approach (medical, social, political) is necessary. Slide 10: Acknowledgements and questions Many thanks for your attention! Questions and discussion are welcome. > Not all cases of high Blood pressure present symptoms of headaches. However, when there is a sudden surge in blood pressure, it can cause a headache. The headache feels like throbbing pain and occurs on both sides of the head. It gets worse with physical activity. (It’s also a sign of a medical emergency).  <a href="http://arte-salon.ru/upload_picture/4236-the-best-medicine-against-high-blood-pressure-continuous-recording.xml">http://arte-salon.ru/upload_picture/4236-the-best-medicine-against-high-blood-pressure-continuous-recording.xml</a> Una sa lahat, ang mga Beta-blocker ay karaniwang ibinibigay sa mga pasyente na may heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pagkatapos ng myocardial infarction, at sa mga kababaihan na nasa edad ng pagbubuntis, lalo na sa mga kababaihang nagpaplano ng pagbubuntis. Madalas matanggap ng katawan ang Beta-blocker, pero maaari rin itong magdulot ng pantal sa balat at bradycardia – sobrang bagal ng tibok ng puso. <a href="http://gemmacapitalgroup.com/foto/marker-for-cardiovascular-disease.xml">PUMUNTA SA WEBSITE>>> </a> ## Cardiovascular disease how to check ## Cardiovascular disease: methods of diagnostics and Verification Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Early and accurate diagnosis is therefore crucial to prevent complications and adequate treatment initiated. Basic Methods Of Investigation The first Phase of the Review starts with a detailed medical history and physical examination. The doctor asks symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, heart palpitations or Edema, and analyzed risk factors (e.g. family history, Smoking, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia). The physical examination includes: Blood pressure measurement; Pulse measurement; Auscultation of the heart and the lungs; Examination for Edema (especially on the legs); Palpation of the peripheral pulsations. Instrumental diagnostics For a more comprehensive Review of various non‑invasive and invasive procedures are available: Electrocardiogram (ECG): to Determine the electrical activity of the heart, allows the diagnosis of arrhythmias, Ischemia, or Infarction. Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart): Provides information about the structure and function of the heart (ventricular mass, wall motion, valvular function, ejection fraction). Exercise ECG / Stress Test: Checks the heart response during physical exercise (treadmill or Bicycle Ergometer), latent Ischemia to prove. Long-term ECG and long-term blood pressure measurement: Registered cardiac rhythm and blood pressure, and about 24-48 hours to capture episodic disorders. Coronary computed tomography (CT) with calcium Scoring: Determined atherosclerosis-changes in heart disease vessels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart: fabric is Used for the detailed illustration of the heart, the scars after infarction, cardiomyopathies, etc. Cardiac catheterization (coronary angiography): Invasive method for direct visualization of the coronary vessels, and potential closures; at the same time can be therapeutically (balloon dilatation, Stent) may be used. Laboratory diagnosis Certain blood parameters for the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases is of great importance: Troponins: a Biomarker for myocardial injury (e.g., myocardial infarction). Natriuretic peptides (BNP or NT‑proBNP): a note on congestive heart failure. Lipid spectrum (LDL, HDL, triglycerides): assessment of risk for atherosclerosis. Blood glucose and HbA1c: assessment of Diabetes Status as risk factor. Creatinine and eGFR: renal function, relevant for heart failure, and medication dosage. Conclusion The Review of cardiovascular disorders requires a multimodal approach. The combination of anamnestic data, physical examination, laboratory tests, and modern imaging methods, a precise diagnosis and individual therapy planning. Regular checkups, especially in high-risk people, may reduce the incidence of serious complications significantly. <a href="http://cedima.hu/picture/userfiles/8071-new-for-high-blood-pressure.xml">Smoking as a risk for cardiovascular diseases</a> ** Presentation on the topic of cardiovascular disease **. Health starts on the cardiovascular System: Accurate diagnosis for your well-being You are concerned about your cardiovascular System? Any changes or complaint may be an important Signal and deserves your full attention. Our modern medical centre offers a comprehensive examination for the early detection of diseases of the cardiovascular system. With the help of high-precision diagnostic methods, we can: Hypertension identify at an early stage, Heart rhythm disorders reliably capture, Signs of atherosclerosis recognize the risk of a heart attack or stroke to assess. Why do we need to investigate? Team of experts: Experienced cardiologists are at your side. Advanced technology: We use the latest equipment for accurate diagnosis of ECG to long‑term blood pressure measurement. Individual counselling: After the examination, you will receive a detailed report and specific recommendations for action. Quick appointments: We ensure that you will receive as soon as possible with a proper clarification. Prevention is better than cure! Early diagnosis can save lives. 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